Total Motorcycle Bikers Dictionary: #

Published October 9, 2025 by Michael Le Pard , Editor‑in‑Chief

Total Motorcycle Bikers Dictionary
– # Numbers & Symbols –

Outlaw Biker Magazine

Culture & Slang

• 1%er (One Percenter): A term historically used to describe outlaw bikers who deliberately identify outside mainstream norms and values, often associated with motorcycle clubs considered outside the law.
• 1‑finger salute: Depending on context, this can be a friendly wave using one finger lifted from the handlebar or a rude gesture directed at another road user.
• 1‑wheel life: Slang celebrating the culture of performing wheelies, where riders lift the front wheel and balance on the rear while riding.
• 2‑stroke junkie: A rider who loves the smell, sound, and performance of two‑stroke motorcycles, often nostalgic for their distinctive exhaust smoke and powerband.
• 2‑wheel therapy: The belief that riding a motorcycle relieves stress, clears the mind, and improves mood more effectively than many other activities.
• 3‑patch club: A motorcycle club whose back patch has three parts: a top rocker, bottom rocker, and central logo, often signifying outlaw status.
• 3‑season rider: Someone who rides spring, summer, and fall but typically stores their motorcycle during the winter months due to weather or safety concerns.
• 3‑season jacket: A protective jacket designed for spring, summer, and fall use, often with removable liners and ventilation panels for versatility.
• 4‑corners patch/tour: A touring achievement patch awarded for visiting all four corners of a country, such as the continental United States, on a motorcycle.
• 5‑ball racing: Slang for outlaw drag racing events, often unsanctioned and held outside official tracks, emphasizing raw speed and risk.
• 5‑o’clock shadow ride: An evening cruise taken after work, often to relax, socialize, or enjoy the sunset on two wheels.
• 6‑pack ride: Informal slang for a short beer run on a motorcycle, generally discouraged due to safety concerns and alcohol laws.
• 6‑pack tank: Slang for a sculpted fuel tank with six bulges or ridges, resembling abdominal muscles, often seen on custom motorcycles.
• 7‑day wonder: A new rider who is extremely enthusiastic during their first week of ownership but may lack experience or long‑term commitment.
• 7‑league boots: Slang for long‑distance touring gear, referencing mythical boots that allow great distances to be covered quickly.
• 8‑ball biker/patch: Outlaw symbolism often linked to toughness, rebellion, or association with certain motorcycle clubs.
• 8‑valve club: A pride term for owners of vintage twins with eight valves, highlighting mechanical sophistication for their era.
• 9‑lives rider: A rider who has survived many crashes or close calls, often jokingly compared to a cat with nine lives.
• 9‑to‑5 escape: Using a motorcycle commute to break free from the monotony of daily work routines and traffic congestion.
• 10‑tenths hero: A rider pushing both machine and self to the absolute limit, often used in racing or aggressive street riding contexts.
• 11‑o’clock club: Wheelie stunt slang for riders who lift the front wheel high but not vertical, approximating the 11‑o’clock position.
• 24/7 rider: Someone who rides year‑round regardless of season, weather, or conditions, demonstrating dedication and resilience.
• 50/50 chance: Slang for a risky maneuver with uncertain outcome, often used humorously when attempting difficult stunts or passes.
• 100‑yard stare: The fatigued look of a rider after long miles, often indicating exhaustion or mental distraction.
• 1000‑yard stare: A slang term borrowed from military culture, sometimes used in biker circles to describe riders who appear distant or haunted.
• 110% effort: Giving maximum effort on track or in training, often beyond what is realistically sustainable for long periods.
• 420 ride: Slang linking motorcycle riding with cannabis culture, sometimes used to describe relaxed or rebellious group rides.
• 5150 ride: California code slang for a “crazy ride,” often used jokingly to describe reckless or wild behavior on motorcycles.
• 666 patch: Outlaw symbolism, often provocative, sometimes used to shock or intimidate others in biker culture.
• 911 call: Emergency reference when a rider is down, emphasizing the importance of quick communication with authorities.
• #RiderDown: Social media tag indicating a downed rider, often used to request assistance or raise awareness.
• #ATGATT: Hashtag promoting “All The Gear, All The Time,” a safety philosophy encouraging full protective gear on every ride.
• #LaneShare: Hashtag tied to lane splitting or lane sharing discussions, often used in advocacy or debate.
• #TrackDay: Hashtag for amateur circuit events where riders practice skills and test machines in controlled environments.
• #ADVLife: Hashtag celebrating the adventure riding lifestyle, often used with photos of long journeys and rugged terrain.
• #MotoCamping: Hashtag for motorcycle camping setups, tips, and shared experiences of combining riding with outdoor living.

Dirt / ADV

• 21/18 combo: Standard adventure bike wheel sizing with a 21‑inch front and 18‑inch rear, balancing off‑road rollover ability with tire availability.
• 50/50 tire: Dual‑sport tire designed for equal performance on pavement and dirt, offering compromise between grip and longevity.
• 70/30 tire: Street‑biased dual‑sport tire offering more pavement grip while retaining some off‑road capability.
• 90/10 tire: ADV tire designed almost entirely for street use but styled with adventure tread patterns.
• 6‑day ISDE: The International Six Days Enduro, considered the “Olympics of motorcycling,” testing endurance, skill, and machine reliability.
• 1000 km rally: A long‑distance adventure challenge covering 1000 kilometers, testing navigation, endurance, and rider preparation.
• 105 cc mini MX: Youth motocross class for small‑displacement bikes, often a stepping stone for young racers.
• 125 cc enduro/MX: Entry‑level off‑road displacement class, lightweight and forgiving for new riders.
• 144 cc 2‑stroke: KTM/Husqvarna small‑bore enduro bike offering lively power and agility.
• 150 XC‑W: KTM small‑bore enduro model, popular for technical trails and lightweight handling.
• 200 cc trail bike: Lightweight beginner dual‑sport, often air‑cooled and simple to maintain.
• 200 XC‑W: KTM mid‑small enduro model, offering more torque than the 150 while remaining nimble.
• 250 cc motocross: Standard MX class, high‑revving and competitive, often the proving ground for future pros.
• 250 Rally: Honda CRF250L Rally, an ADV‑light bike with rally styling and long‑distance comfort.
• 250 EXC‑F: KTM four‑stroke enduro, versatile for trails and competition.
• 250–300 cc enduro: Lightweight trail bikes offering a balance of power and manageability.
• 300 cc 2‑stroke: Popular enduro displacement, combining torque, lightness, and simplicity.
• 300 TPI: KTM fuel‑injected 2‑stroke technology, improving efficiency and altitude adaptability.
• 300 XC‑W TPI: KTM’s fuel‑injected enduro model, praised for tractability and reduced smoke.
• 350 cc 4‑stroke: Balanced enduro size, offering manageable weight with strong performance.
• 350 EXC‑F: KTM four‑stroke enduro, street‑legal in many markets.
• 350 SX‑F: KTM motocross model, competitive in MX3 class.
• 350–500 cc enduro: Range of balanced four‑strokes for serious trail and competition use.
• 400 cc dual‑sport: Classic DR‑Z400 class, versatile for commuting and trails.
• 400 LC4: KTM early dual‑sport, known for ruggedness.
• 450 cc MX: Premier motocross class, the standard for pro racing.
• 450 Rally Replica: KTM Dakar‑style race bike, built for rally raids.
• 450 SX‑F: KTM MX flagship, dominating motocross championships.
• 500 cc 2‑stroke: Legendary open‑class motocrossers, famous for brutal power.
• 500 EXC‑F: KTM street‑legal enduro, versatile for dual‑sporting.
• 500 XC‑W: KTM big enduro, powerful yet trail‑capable.
• 600 cc thumper: Big single dual‑sport, torque‑rich and simple.
• 600 Transalp: Honda ADV twin, early adventure touring model.
• 650 cc ADV: KLR650, DR650, XR650L; budget adventure staples.
• 650 Dakar: BMW F650GS Dakar edition: A taller‑suspension, rally‑inspired version of the BMW F650GS, designed for long‑distance adventure riding and off‑road capability.
• 690 Enduro R: KTM’s big‑bore single dual‑sport motorcycle, combining lightweight handling with strong torque for both trails and highway travel.
• 700 cc twin ADV: A class of adventure motorcycles, such as the Yamaha Ténéré 700, offering a balance of off‑road agility and highway comfort.
• 701 Enduro: Husqvarna’s large‑displacement single dual‑sport, sharing KTM roots but styled uniquely, praised for versatility and ruggedness.
• 750 Africa Twin: Honda’s original Africa Twin adventure bike, famous for Dakar heritage and long‑distance reliability in mixed terrain.
• 790 Adventure R: KTM’s middleweight adventure twin, designed for aggressive off‑road use with advanced electronics and suspension.
• 800 cc twin ADV: BMW’s F800GS and similar models, offering a balance of touring comfort and off‑road performance.
• 850GS: BMW’s updated middleweight adventure twin, with improved electronics, suspension, and ergonomics for global travel.
• 890 Adventure R: KTM’s evolution of the 790 platform, with more displacement, torque, and refined electronics for serious adventure riders.
• 900 cc triple ADV: Triumph Tiger 900, a versatile adventure motorcycle with a three‑cylinder engine offering smooth power delivery and touring comfort.
• 901 Norden: Husqvarna’s adventure bike based on KTM’s 890 platform, styled with Scandinavian design cues and long‑distance ergonomics.
• 950 Adventure: KTM’s early V‑twin adventure bike, a Dakar‑inspired machine that helped define the modern ADV category.
• 990 Adventure: KTM’s successor to the 950, with fuel injection and improved performance, popular among hardcore adventure riders.
• 990 Adventure R: A more off‑road‑focused version of the KTM 990 Adventure, with taller suspension and rally styling.
• 1000 cc ADV: Adventure motorcycles around 1000 cc, such as the Honda Africa Twin and Suzuki V‑Strom 1000, offering strong touring ability with off‑road potential.
• 1050 Adventure: KTM’s slightly detuned liter‑class adventure bike, designed to be more affordable while retaining core ADV features.
• 1090 Adventure: KTM’s liter‑class adventure bike with more power and updated electronics, bridging the gap between mid and flagship models.
• 1190 Adventure: KTM’s high‑tech adventure bike, introducing advanced rider aids and powerful V‑twin performance for long‑distance travel.
• 1190 Adventure R: The off‑road‑oriented version of the KTM 1190, with taller suspension and rugged features for serious dirt use.
• 1200 cc ADV: Large‑displacement adventure motorcycles like the BMW R1200GS, offering comfort, electronics, and long‑range capability.
• 1250 cc ADV: BMW R1250GS and similar models, featuring ShiftCam technology for variable valve timing and improved torque delivery.
• 1290 Super Adventure: KTM’s flagship adventure bike, with a powerful V‑twin engine, advanced electronics, and long‑distance touring comfort.
• 1290 Super Adventure R: The most off‑road‑capable version of KTM’s flagship, with rally‑inspired suspension and rugged design for extreme adventure riding.

Manufacturers & Models

Aprilia

• RS50: Aprilia’s entry‑level sportbike styled like a racer, designed for young riders and European licensing laws, offering lightweight handling and approachable performance.
• RS125: A lightweight two‑stroke sportbike, popular in Europe for learners, combining sharp styling with lively performance and track‑inspired ergonomics.
• RS250: Aprilia’s iconic two‑stroke twin sportbike, derived from Grand Prix racing, known for razor‑sharp handling and thrilling power delivery.
• RS660: A modern middleweight sportbike blending performance and comfort, praised for electronics, parallel‑twin engine, and approachable ergonomics.
• Tuono 660: Naked sibling of the RS660, offering upright ergonomics, advanced electronics, and sporty performance for street riders.
• RSV4: Aprilia’s flagship superbike, V4‑powered with MotoGP‑inspired electronics, renowned for handling precision and track dominance.
• Tuono V4: Naked version of the RSV4, retaining superbike performance with more comfortable ergonomics for street and touring.
• Caponord 1200: Adventure‑touring motorcycle with V‑twin power, semi‑active suspension, and long‑distance comfort.
• Pegaso 650: Dual‑sport motorcycle aimed at versatility, combining on‑road usability with light off‑road capability.

BMW

• R45 / R65: Smaller displacement BMW airhead twins, designed for accessibility and European licensing categories, offering classic boxer charm.
• R80/7: A standard BMW airhead, versatile for commuting and touring, with simple mechanics and reliability.
• R80G/S: The original adventure motorcycle, combining off‑road suspension with BMW touring reliability, sparking the ADV category.
• R100CS / RS / RT / S / T: Variants of BMW’s 1000 cc airhead, offering sport, touring, and comfort trims with distinctive fairings.
• R1200GS: BMW’s adventure flagship, combining boxer torque, electronics, and long‑distance comfort, defining the ADV segment.
• R1250GS: Successor to the R1200GS, featuring ShiftCam variable valve timing for improved torque and efficiency.
• R1250RT: Touring boxer with full fairing, advanced electronics, and comfort features for long‑distance road travel.
• R18: BMW’s large cruiser, styled with retro cues and powered by a massive 1800 cc boxer engine.
• S1000RR: BMW’s inline‑four superbike, famous for asymmetrical headlights, advanced electronics, and track performance.
• S1000XR: Sport‑tourer blending superbike performance with upright ergonomics and long‑distance capability.
• F750GS / F850GS: Middleweight adventure twins, balancing accessibility with off‑road ability and modern electronics.
• F900R / F900XR: Naked and sport‑tourer models, powered by parallel twins, offering versatility and modern features.
• G310R / G310GS: Entry‑level naked and ADV models, built for global markets with approachable size and affordability.

Ducati

• 500/600 Pantah: Early belt‑drive Ducati twins, introducing modern engine architecture and reliability improvements.
• 900 SS / Darmah / Hailwood Replica: Classic bevel‑drive twins, iconic for style, racing heritage, and distinctive sound.
• Monster 600/696/796/821/937/1200/1260: Ducati’s naked line, combining sporty performance with upright ergonomics and urban usability.
• Streetfighter 848 / V2 / V4: Naked sport line derived from superbikes, offering aggressive styling and high performance.
• Diavel 1260 / XDiavel: Ducati’s power cruisers, blending muscle‑bike styling with sportbike handling and advanced electronics.
• Scrambler 400 / 800 / 1100: Retro‑styled line aimed at accessibility, customization, and lifestyle appeal, with air‑cooled engines.
• Panigale V2 / V4: Ducati’s superbikes, with the V2 as a twin and the V4 as a MotoGP‑derived flagship.
• Multistrada 950 / V4: Ducati’s adventure‑tourers, combining sportbike DNA with upright ergonomics and long‑distance comfort.

Harley‑Davidson

• Sportster 883: Entry‑level Harley cruiser, air‑cooled V‑twin, accessible seat height, and classic styling.
• Sportster 1200: Larger displacement Sportster, offering more torque and highway capability while retaining compact size.
• Softail Slim: Cruiser with retro styling, hidden rear suspension, and low seat height for accessibility.
• Road King: Touring Harley with detachable windshield, saddlebags, and classic styling, popular for long rides.
• Street Glide: Bagger with batwing fairing, infotainment, and comfort features, a Harley touring staple.
• Electra Glide: Full‑dress touring Harley with fairing, luggage, and comfort for cross‑country travel.
• Ultra Limited: Luxury touring Harley with advanced infotainment, heated grips, and premium comfort.
• Pan America 1250: Harley’s adventure bike, powered by the Revolution Max engine, entering the ADV market.

Honda

• C70 / CT70 / CT110 / Z50R: Honda minibikes and step‑throughs, beloved for simplicity, accessibility, and fun.
• CB125 / CB250 / CB350 / CB400 / CB500 / CB650 / CB750 / CB900 / CB1100: Honda’s CB line, spanning commuter singles to iconic inline‑fours, defining standards.
• CBX1000: Honda’s six‑cylinder superbike of the late 1970s, famous for its sound and engineering.
• CBR125R / CBR250R / CBR300R / CBR500R / CBR600RR / CBR900RR / CBR929RR / CBR954RR / CBR1000RR / CBR1000RR‑R: Honda’s CBR sportbike family, from entry‑level to Fireblade flagship.
• Africa Twin 750 / 1100: Honda’s adventure bikes, Dakar‑inspired, combining off‑road ability with touring comfort.
• Gold Wing 1100 / 1800: Honda’s touring flagships, with flat‑six engines, luxury features, and unmatched comfort.
• Rebel 300 / 500 / 1100: Honda’s cruiser line, approachable and modern, appealing to new and experienced riders.
• Shadow 750: Honda’s mid‑size cruiser, offering reliability, comfort, and classic styling.

Kawasaki

• Z125 Pro: A mini‑naked motorcycle designed for urban fun, offering lightweight handling, approachable power, and a playful character for new riders.
• Z400: A middleweight naked bike with parallel‑twin power, praised for its balance of affordability, agility, and everyday usability.
• Z650: A versatile naked motorcycle powered by a parallel twin, offering approachable performance, upright ergonomics, and modern styling.
• Z900: A larger naked bike with inline‑four power, combining strong acceleration, aggressive styling, and comfortable ergonomics for daily use.
• Z1000: Kawasaki’s liter‑class naked, known for muscular styling, powerful inline‑four engine, and sporty handling.
• Z H2: A supercharged naked motorcycle, delivering extreme performance, advanced electronics, and futuristic styling.
• ZX‑4R: A modern 400 cc supersport, offering high‑revving inline‑four performance in a compact, lightweight package.
• ZX‑6R: Kawasaki’s middleweight supersport, combining track‑ready performance with street usability and sharp styling.
• ZX‑10R: Kawasaki’s flagship superbike, developed with World Superbike racing technology, offering cutting‑edge electronics and extreme performance.
• ZX‑14R: A hyperbike with massive displacement, designed for high‑speed touring and drag racing, offering comfort and extreme acceleration.
• H2R: A track‑only supercharged superbike, producing extreme horsepower, showcasing Kawasaki’s engineering prowess and aerodynamic design.
• Versys 650: A versatile sport‑tourer, combining upright ergonomics, parallel‑twin power, and long‑distance comfort.
• Versys 1000: A liter‑class sport‑tourer, offering inline‑four smoothness, advanced electronics, and long‑range capability.
• KLR650: A budget‑friendly adventure thumper, known for simplicity, ruggedness, and global travel reliability.
• KLX300: A dual‑sport motorcycle offering lightweight handling, approachable power, and off‑road versatility.
• EN450 454 LTD: A cruiser from the 1980s, designed to compete with Japanese middleweight cruisers, offering comfort and style.
• GPz1100: A sportbike from the early 1980s, representing Kawasaki’s entry into the superbike wars with fuel injection and strong performance.
• KZ series (KZ400, KZ650, KZ900, KZ1000, KZ1300): Classic Kawasaki standards and superbikes, defining performance benchmarks in the 1970s and 1980s.
• KX/KE/KD dirt bikes: Kawasaki’s off‑road lineup, spanning youth motocross, enduro, and trail machines, known for durability and competition success.

Suzuki

• GS250 / GS400 / GS500: Entry‑level standards, offering approachable performance, reliability, and affordability for new riders.
• GS550 / GS750 / GS850 / GS1000 / GS1100: Classic inline‑fours from the 1970s and 1980s, defining Suzuki’s role in the superbike era.
• GSX250R: Entry‑level sportbike styled like a supersport, offering approachable performance and commuter practicality.
• GSX‑R600: Supersport motorcycle, combining track‑ready performance, sharp handling, and aggressive styling.
• GSX‑R750: Historic race‑replica sportbike, the first true supersport, blending lightweight chassis with powerful inline‑four.
• GSX‑R1000: Suzuki’s flagship superbike, offering liter‑class performance, advanced electronics, and racing pedigree.
• GSX1300R Hayabusa: Legendary hyperbike, famous for top‑speed dominance, aerodynamic styling, and smooth power delivery.
• GSX‑S750 / GSX‑S1000: Naked sportbikes derived from GSX‑R platforms, offering upright ergonomics and strong performance.
• Katana 750 / 1000 / 1100: Retro‑styled sportbikes, iconic for sharp design and strong performance.
• Boulevard M109R: A power cruiser with massive displacement, aggressive styling, and strong straight‑line performance.
• Intruder 1400: Classic Suzuki cruiser, offering V‑twin torque, comfort, and long‑distance capability.
• DR / DR‑Z dual‑sports: Suzuki’s dual‑sport lineup, including DR650 and DR‑Z400, known for ruggedness and versatility.
• V‑Strom 650 / 1000: Adventure‑touring motorcycles, offering comfort, reliability, and affordability for long‑distance travel.

Triumph

• Bonneville T140: Classic British twin, representing Triumph’s heritage, with retro styling and simple mechanics.
• Street Triple 765: Middleweight naked with three‑cylinder power, praised for agility, electronics, and everyday usability.
• Speed Triple 1200: Triumph’s liter‑class naked, offering aggressive styling, advanced electronics, and strong performance.
• Tiger 900: Middleweight adventure triple, balancing off‑road ability with touring comfort and versatility.
• Tiger 1200: Triumph’s flagship adventure bike, offering shaft drive, advanced electronics, and long‑distance comfort.

Yamaha

• R125 / R15 / R25: Entry‑level sportbikes, popular in Asian and European markets, offering sporty styling and approachable performance.
• R3: Yamaha’s global entry sportbike, combining parallel‑twin power with lightweight handling and everyday usability.
• R6: Supersport motorcycle, famous for high‑revving performance, sharp handling, and track dominance.
• R7: Middleweight twin sportbike, blending affordability, agility, and modern styling.
• R1: Yamaha’s flagship superbike, featuring crossplane inline‑four technology and MotoGP‑derived electronics.
• R1M: Track‑focused version of the R1, with premium suspension, electronics, and lightweight materials.
• MT‑03: Entry‑level naked, offering lightweight handling, parallel‑twin power, and urban usability.
• MT‑07: Middleweight naked with CP2 parallel‑twin engine, praised for torque and fun factor.
• MT‑09: Triple‑powered naked, offering agility, electronics, and strong performance.
• MT‑10: Liter‑class naked, derived from the R1, with upright ergonomics and advanced electronics.
• Tracer 7 / Tracer 9 / Tracer 9 GT+: Yamaha’s sport‑tourers, blending upright ergonomics, luggage options, and long‑distance comfort.
• FJR1300: Yamaha’s sport‑touring flagship, offering inline‑four power, shaft drive, and long‑distance reliability.
• Virago XV750 / XV920 / TR1: Yamaha’s early V‑twin cruisers, popular in the 1980s for comfort and style.
• XS650 / XS750 / XS850 / XS1100: Yamaha’s classic standards and triples, defining performance and reliability in their era.
• SR250 / SR500: Simple, air‑cooled standards, beloved for reliability and customization potential.
• TT / XT dirt bikes: Yamaha’s off‑road lineup, spanning trail, enduro, and dual‑sport models.

Performance & Specs

• 0–30 mph: A performance benchmark measuring how quickly a motorcycle accelerates from a standstill to 30 miles per hour, often used for scooters and commuters.
• 0–60 mph: A widely recognized acceleration test, showing how fast a motorcycle can reach 60 miles per hour from a stop, reflecting real‑world briskness.
• 0–100 km/h: The metric equivalent of 0–60 mph, used internationally to measure acceleration performance in standardized testing.
• 0–100 mph: A longer acceleration benchmark, often used in sportbike reviews to demonstrate mid‑range and top‑end power delivery.
• 0–150 mph: A hyperbike acceleration test, showing how quickly a machine can reach extreme highway speeds, relevant for drag racing and performance comparisons.
• 1/8 mile: A drag racing distance of 201 meters, popular for local tracks and safer than quarter‑mile runs, emphasizing launch and traction.
• 1/4 mile: A classic drag racing benchmark of 402 meters, measuring elapsed time and trap speed, widely used to compare motorcycle performance.
• 1 hp per 10 lb: A rule of thumb for performance, suggesting that one horsepower for every ten pounds of weight yields strong acceleration.
• 1:1 drive/final ratio: A gearing condition where engine crankshaft speed equals wheel speed, indicating no overdrive or underdrive.
• 2‑stroke (2T): An engine cycle completing power every revolution, offering lightweight design, high power‑to‑weight ratio, and distinctive exhaust smoke.
• 2‑stroke mix 32:1: A common premix fuel‑to‑oil ratio for older two‑stroke motorcycles, balancing lubrication and combustion efficiency.
• 2‑stroke mix 40:1: A leaner premix ratio, enabled by modern oils, reducing smoke while maintaining lubrication.
• 2‑stage injection: A fuel system with primary and secondary injectors, improving throttle response and efficiency across the rev range.
• 2‑stage turbo: A rare motorcycle feature, using two turbochargers in sequence to provide both low‑end torque and high‑end power.
• 3‑cylinder (triple): An engine layout with three cylinders, offering a unique balance of torque, smoothness, and distinctive exhaust note.
• 3‑cylinder 120° crank: A firing order giving smooth power delivery, used in Triumph triples and Yamaha MT‑09.
• 3‑way catalyst: An emissions control device reducing nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, and hydrocarbons simultaneously.
• 4‑cylinder inline: The most common sportbike engine layout, known for smoothness, high revs, and strong top‑end power.
• 4‑valve head: A cylinder head with two intake and two exhaust valves, improving airflow and combustion efficiency.
• 4‑into‑1 exhaust: An exhaust system where four headers merge into one collector, reducing weight and improving power delivery.
• 4‑stroke (4T): An engine cycle completing intake, compression, power, and exhaust over two revolutions, dominant in modern motorcycles.
• 5‑speed gearbox: A transmission with five forward gears, common on older motorcycles and cruisers, offering adequate range for most riding.
• 6‑speed gearbox: The modern standard, providing closer ratios for sportbikes and wider range for touring motorcycles.
• 6‑speed quickshifter: An electronic system allowing clutchless upshifts and downshifts, improving performance and reducing rider fatigue.
• 6‑axis IMU: An inertial measurement unit sensing pitch, roll, and yaw, enabling cornering ABS and traction control.
• 7‑plate clutch: A multi‑plate wet clutch design with seven friction plates, common in high‑torque motorcycles.
• 7‑inch TFT: A modern motorcycle dashboard display size, offering full‑color graphics, navigation, and connectivity features.
• 8‑valve twin: A parallel or V‑twin engine with four valves per cylinder, improving breathing and efficiency.
• 8‑bit ECU: Early electronic control units with limited processing power, managing basic fuel injection and ignition.
• 9,000 rpm redline: Typical for mid‑size twins, defining usable rev range and performance character.
• 10,000 rpm redline: Common for inline‑fours, offering sporty character and strong acceleration.
• 12,000 rpm redline: Found in supersports, delivering screaming top‑end performance.
• 14,000 rpm redline: MotoGP‑inspired rev ceiling, extreme for production motorcycles.
• 16,000 rpm redline: Race‑bred 600 cc supersports, offering extreme revs and peak performance.
• 9‑axis IMU: Adds magnetometer to 6‑axis, enabling advanced stability and navigation functions.
• 10‑hole injector: A fuel injector with multiple spray holes, improving atomization and combustion efficiency.
• 11‑plate clutch: Heavy‑duty clutch pack for drag racing, handling extreme torque loads.
• 12‑disc clutch pack: Extreme drag racing setup, maximizing torque transfer and durability.
• 12‑volt lithium battery: Lightweight replacement for lead‑acid, offering faster cranking and reduced weight.
• 13‑tooth front sprocket: A smaller countershaft sprocket, lowering gearing for quicker acceleration at the expense of top speed.
• 14‑bolt head/crankcase: Engine fastener count, indicating rigidity and durability in high‑performance engines.
• 15‑liter tank: A mid‑size fuel capacity, typical of naked bikes, offering moderate touring range.
• 16‑inch front wheel: Common on cruisers and retro bikes, offering slower steering and classic styling.
• 17‑inch wheel/slicks: The modern sportbike standard, offering wide tire availability and track performance.
• 18‑inch rear wheel: Vintage standard, still used on some retro and cruiser models.
• 19‑inch ADV/scrambler front: Balances off‑road rollover ability with street stability, common on ADV bikes.
• 20‑liter tank: Touring capacity, offering 300+ km range for long‑distance travel.
• 25–50 mm fork tubes: Suspension tube diameters, with larger sizes offering more stiffness and control.
• 520 chain: Narrower drive chain, lighter but less durable than 525 or 530.
• 525 chain: Mid‑size chain, balancing strength and weight, common on street bikes.
• 530 chain: Heavy‑duty chain, stronger and longer‑lasting, used on high‑torque motorcycles.
• 180/55 tire: Common sportbike rear tire size, balancing grip and agility.
• 190/55 tire: Superbike rear tire size, offering larger contact patch and lean grip.
• 200/55 tire: Hyperbike rear tire, maximizing traction and aesthetics.
• 50‑state legal: A designation meaning the motorcycle or accessory meets emissions and noise standards in all U.S. states, including California.

Safety & Riding Rules

• 1‑second glance: A guideline reminding riders not to take their eyes off the road for more than one second, since longer distractions drastically increase accident risk.
• 1‑bike length: An unsafe following distance equal to one motorcycle length, leaving insufficient time to react to sudden stops or hazards.
• 1‑bike stagger: A group riding formation where each rider is offset in their lane, maintaining visibility and spacing while riding close together.
• 2‑finger braking: A technique using only the index and middle fingers on the brake lever, allowing quicker response while keeping grip on the throttle.
• 2‑finger clutching: A technique using two fingers on the clutch lever, enabling faster gear changes while maintaining control of the handlebars.
• 2‑helmet law: A regulation in some regions requiring both rider and passenger to wear helmets, improving safety for everyone on the motorcycle.
• 2‑helmet comms: Intercom systems allowing rider and passenger to communicate clearly, improving coordination and reducing distractions during travel.
• 2‑second rule: A safety rule stating riders should follow at least two seconds behind the vehicle ahead, ensuring enough reaction time for emergencies.
• 3‑point check: A safety habit of checking left mirror, right mirror, and performing a shoulder check before changing lanes or turning.
• 3‑second buffer: A recommended following distance in poor conditions, giving riders more time to react to sudden hazards or braking.
• 4‑way flashers: Hazard lights used to signal breakdowns, slow movement, or emergencies, increasing visibility to other road users.
• 4‑point harness (sidecar): A restraint system used in racing sidecars to secure the passenger, ensuring safety during high‑speed maneuvers.
• 5‑point PPE: The five essential pieces of protective gear: helmet, jacket, gloves, pants, and boots, forming the foundation of rider safety.
• 5‑step emergency stop: A Motorcycle Safety Foundation drill: clutch in, apply brakes, downshift, keep eyes up, and stop smoothly.
• 6‑second scan: A habit of scanning mirrors and surroundings every six seconds, maintaining situational awareness and preventing tunnel vision.
• 6‑foot distancing: A pandemic‑era group riding guideline, encouraging riders to maintain extra spacing at stops and gatherings.
• 7‑point gear check: A systematic pre‑ride check of helmet, gloves, jacket, pants, boots, armor, and visibility aids to ensure full protection.
• 7‑second mirror scan: A training habit of checking mirrors roughly every seven seconds, reinforcing constant awareness of traffic behind.
• 8‑point inspection: A quick pre‑ride mechanical check covering tires, brakes, lights, oil, controls, chain or belt, suspension, and stands.
• 8‑hour rest rule: A touring guideline suggesting riders should not exceed eight hours of saddle time per day to avoid fatigue.
• 9‑point turn: A very tight maneuver requiring multiple adjustments, often practiced in training lots to build balance and clutch control.
• 9‑line emergency call: A structured emergency reporting format adapted from military medevac, used by adventure riders to relay precise accident details.
• 10‑code (10‑4): Radio shorthand meaning “affirmative” or “message received,” sometimes used casually in rider communications.
• 10‑mph over rule: An informal pacing guideline where riders cruise about 10 mph over the posted limit, not a legal standard but common in groups.
• 11‑o’clock wheelie: A wheelie where the front wheel is raised high but not vertical, approximating the 11‑o’clock position on a clock face.
• 12‑o’clock wheelie: A stunt term for a wheelie balanced vertically, with the front wheel pointing straight up at the 12‑o’clock position.
• 13‑point inspection: An extended safety check including fasteners, cables, and auxiliary systems, beyond the basic pre‑ride checklist.
• 14‑day rule: A break‑in guideline suggesting the first two weeks of ownership should be ridden gently, with varied RPMs and no prolonged high‑speed runs.
• 15‑minute idle: A warm‑up procedure for carbureted bikes in cold weather, allowing the engine to reach operating temperature and stabilize idle speed.
• 16‑hour limit: A touring safety recommendation that riders should not exceed 16 hours of continuous travel in a single day to avoid dangerous fatigue.
• 17‑second glance: A cautionary example of unsafe distraction — looking away from the road for 17 seconds at highway speed means traveling nearly half a mile blind.
• 18‑wheeler blind spot: The large no‑see zones around tractor‑trailers, where motorcycles are invisible to truck drivers, making lane positioning critical.
• 19‑point MSF drill: A comprehensive Motorcycle Safety Foundation exercise covering balance, braking, cornering, swerves, and emergency maneuvers.
• 20‑foot rule: A visibility guideline suggesting reflective gear and lights should be visible from at least 20 feet away in low‑light conditions.

Sport / Track

• 1‑lap flyer: A qualifying hot lap where a rider pushes maximum effort for a single circuit, aiming to set the fastest possible time.
• 2‑lap penalty: A racing sanction requiring a rider to complete two additional laps, often imposed for infractions such as jump starts or unsafe riding.
• 2‑lap warmup: A track day etiquette practice where riders gradually bring tires and brakes up to temperature before pushing harder.
• 3‑lap cool‑down: A post‑session practice where riders reduce speed, allowing brakes and engine to cool safely before returning to the pits.
• 3‑lap sprint: A very short race format, often used in club racing or training events to emphasize starts and intensity.
• 5‑lap dash: A sprint race format emphasizing quick reflexes, aggressive cornering, and strong starts, common in amateur competitions.
• 10‑lap heat: A mid‑length race format, often used in qualifying or preliminary rounds before a main event.
• 20‑lap main: A standard professional race distance, balancing endurance, strategy, and outright speed.
• 125 GP: A historic Grand Prix racing class for 125 cc two‑stroke motorcycles, serving as a training ground for future world champions.
• 125 Supersport: A lightweight racing class for small‑displacement four‑stroke motorcycles, popular in regional and youth competitions.
• 250 GP: A former Grand Prix class for 250 cc two‑stroke motorcycles, known for close racing and technical skill.
• 250 Supersport: A lightweight racing category for 250 cc four‑stroke motorcycles, often used in regional championships.
• 300 Supersport: A modern lightweight racing class, featuring production‑based 300 cc motorcycles, designed to develop young riders.
• 400 Supersport: An entry‑level racing class for 400 cc motorcycles, popular in Asia and Europe for developing riders.
• 500 GP: The premier Grand Prix class before MotoGP, featuring 500 cc two‑stroke motorcycles with extreme power and difficulty to master.
• 500 Supersport: A historic racing class for 500 cc motorcycles, often regional or club‑level competition.
• 600 Supersport: A global racing class for 600 cc four‑cylinder motorcycles, balancing affordability with high performance and close racing.
• 750 Supersport: A historic racing class for 750 cc motorcycles, once a major category before literbikes became dominant.
• 1000 Superbike: The premier production‑based racing class, featuring liter‑class motorcycles modified for track competition.
• Moto2 765: A spec racing class in MotoGP, powered by Triumph’s 765 cc triple, emphasizing rider skill over machinery differences.
• Moto3 250: A MotoGP support class featuring 250 cc single‑cylinder four‑strokes, designed for young riders entering world championship racing.
• MotoE: An all‑electric racing class in MotoGP, showcasing emerging electric motorcycle technology and sustainability in motorsport.
• MotoGP 500: The two‑stroke era of premier class racing, featuring 500 cc machines with extreme power and razor‑thin margins.
• MotoGP 800: A transitional era of MotoGP with 800 cc four‑strokes, emphasizing corner speed and electronics.
• MotoGP 990: The early four‑stroke MotoGP era, featuring 990 cc machines with immense power and advanced technology.
• MotoGP 1000: The current premier class, featuring 1000 cc four‑stroke prototypes with cutting‑edge electronics and aerodynamics.
• WorldSBK 1000: The World Superbike Championship, featuring production‑based liter motorcycles modified for racing.
• WorldSSP 600: The World Supersport Championship, featuring 600 cc production‑based motorcycles, known for close and competitive racing.
• WorldSSP 300: A lightweight world championship class, featuring 300 cc motorcycles, designed to develop young riders globally.
• EWC 24H: The Endurance World Championship 24‑hour races, testing rider stamina, team strategy, and machine durability.
• 24 Hours Le Mans Moto: A legendary endurance race in France, part of the EWC, demanding continuous riding for a full day.
• 8 Hours Suzuka: A prestigious endurance race in Japan, attracting factory teams and top riders from around the world.
• Bol d’Or 24H: A French endurance race with a long history, testing both riders and machines in grueling conditions.
• Daytona 200: A historic American endurance sprint race, combining high speeds with unique banking at Daytona International Speedway.
• Isle of Man TT: The most famous road race in the world, run on public roads, known for danger, speed, and tradition.
• North West 200: A major Irish road race, run on closed public roads, attracting international competitors and fans.
• Ulster GP: Another iconic Irish road race, once considered the fastest road race in the world.
• Track slang – 10/10ths: A phrase meaning riding at the absolute limit of both rider and machine, often used in racing contexts.
• Track slang – hot lap: A lap ridden at maximum pace, often during qualifying, to set the fastest possible time.
• Track slang – cool‑down lap: A lap ridden slowly after a race or session, allowing the motorcycle to cool and the rider to acknowledge fans.

Touring / Commuting

• 12‑volt outlet: A power socket fitted to many touring motorcycles, allowing riders to charge phones, GPS units, or heated gear while traveling long distances.
• 24‑hour Iron Butt: A long‑distance endurance challenge requiring riders to cover 1000 miles within 24 hours, testing stamina, planning, and machine reliability.
• 36‑hour Bun Burner: An Iron Butt Association challenge requiring 1500 miles in 36 hours, demanding careful time management, fuel planning, and rider endurance.
• 50‑cc Quest: A coast‑to‑coast U.S. ride completed in 50 hours, requiring strict planning, efficient fuel stops, and excellent highway endurance.
• 100‑mile day: A beginner touring milestone, often the first long ride for new riders, building confidence in comfort and endurance.
• 200‑mile day: A comfortable touring pace for casual riders, allowing time for breaks, sightseeing, and relaxed travel.
• 300‑mile day: A common distance for experienced touring riders, balancing progress with comfort and manageable fatigue.
• 400‑mile day: A longer touring distance, often requiring early starts and efficient stops, suitable for seasoned riders.
• 500‑mile day: A demanding but achievable distance for experienced riders, often used as a benchmark for serious touring capability.
• 600‑mile day: A challenging distance requiring strong stamina, efficient fuel stops, and careful pacing to avoid fatigue.
• 700‑mile day: An extreme touring distance, often attempted by endurance riders or those on tight schedules.
• 800‑mile day: A very high‑mileage day, requiring excellent preparation, hydration, and mental focus to complete safely.
• 900‑mile day: An ultra‑endurance distance, typically only attempted by Iron Butt riders or those with exceptional stamina.
• 1000‑mile day (SaddleSore 1000): The Iron Butt Association’s most famous challenge, requiring 1000 miles in 24 hours, testing planning, endurance, and machine reliability.
• 7‑day rally: A long‑distance endurance event spanning a week, where riders accumulate points by visiting checkpoints, testing navigation and consistency.
• 90‑day RTW: A round‑the‑world challenge completed in 90 days, requiring careful logistics, visas, and machine preparation for global travel.
• 3‑bag setup: Touring luggage arrangement with two panniers and a top case, offering balanced storage and convenience for long trips.
• 20‑liter pannier: A small side case capacity, suitable for commuting or light touring, often holding essentials like rain gear and tools.
• 30‑liter pannier: A mid‑size pannier capacity, offering enough space for clothing and gear for weekend trips.
• 40‑liter pannier: A large pannier capacity, suitable for extended touring, often used in pairs for balanced storage.
• 50‑liter top case: A large rear case, often capable of holding two helmets, popular for commuting and touring convenience.
• 60‑liter duffel: A soft luggage option strapped to the rear seat or rack, offering flexible storage for camping or long trips.
• 70‑liter dry bag: A waterproof luggage option, popular with adventure riders carrying camping gear and bulky items.
• 80‑mile commute: A long daily ride to work, requiring reliable gear, fuel efficiency, and comfort for repetitive travel.
• 90‑mile tank range: A small scooter’s typical fuel range, requiring frequent refueling but manageable for urban commuting.
• 100‑mile fuel stop: A planning unit for touring, matching the range of many motorcycles and ensuring regular breaks.
• 200‑mile tank: A common touring baseline, offering enough range between fuel stops for relaxed long‑distance travel.
• 250‑mile tank: A strong touring range, typical of mid‑size adventure bikes, reducing the need for frequent refueling.
• 300‑mile tank: A large touring capacity, found on bikes like the Honda Gold Wing, allowing long stretches between stops.
• 350‑mile tank: An extended range, often associated with BMW GS Adventure models, enabling global travel with fewer fuel worries.
• 400‑mile tank: An extreme range for adventure motorcycles, allowing riders to cross remote regions with limited fuel availability.